ISLAMIC ETHICAL FRAMEWORKS ON ASYMMETRICAL WARFARE: LESSONS FROM PAKISTAN’S WAR ON TERROR

Abstract

In the War on Terror, Pakistan has emerged as a pivotal battleground where traditional Islamic ethical principles confront the realities of modern military strategy. This research delves into the ethical complexities associated with asymmetrical warfare within the Pakistani framework, having particular emphasis on drone strikes, civilian casualties, and the actions of non-state actors. This research employs Islamic ethical concepts, including adl (justice), mizan (proportionality), darurah (necessity), and the principle of tamyiz (distinction), to critically evaluate the responses of Islamic morality to the complexities of contemporary conflict. This research employs a qualitative, interdisciplinary approach, integrating case analysis and expert interviews in the fields of religion and military affairs. This research provides a comparative analysis of Pakistan's experience, highlighting the intersections between Islamic ethics and international humanitarian law. The study aims to enhance our understanding of the moral limits that arise in modern warfare and to inform the development of ethically sound strategies for future conflicts.