An Analytical Comparison of Cultural Representation in Intermediate Pakistan Studies Textbooks of Sindh and Federal Boards

Abstract

This study presents an analytical and comparative examination of the representation of Pakistani culture in Intermediate-level Pakistan Studies textbooks prescribed by the Sindh Board and the Federal Board. Culture plays a central role in shaping students’ understanding of national identity, unity, and diversity. The research focuses on how cultural elements such as provincial traditions, dress, food, sports, languages, and social customs are portrayed in both textbooks. Using qualitative content analysis, the study identifies similarities and differences in scope, depth, balance, and narrative style. The findings reveal variations in emphasis, regional representation, and conceptual framing of culture, which may influence students’ perceptions of Pakistan’s cultural diversity. The study highlights the need for a more inclusive, balanced, and coherent cultural narrative in Pakistan Studies curricula at the Intermediate level.