Impact of Online Learning on Student Engagement and Academic Performance: A Comparative Quantitative Study

Abstract

The rapid shift to online learning, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, raised significant questions about its efficacy in maintaining student engagement and academic performance. This study quantitatively investigates differences in engagement and academic achievement between students in online and traditional face-to-face learning environments. Data were collected from 200 university students across one academic semester. Results indicated significantly lower engagement and academic performance among online learners. Key influencing factors included technology access, instructor presence, and peer interaction. These findings suggest the need for targeted institutional interventions to enhance the effectiveness of online education.